Understanding Property Titles in Nigeria: C of O vs. Deed of Assignment

When buying property in Nigeria, one of the most important things to understand is the type of title document attached to the land or building. Two of the most common documents you will encounter are the Certificate of Occupancy (C of O) and the Deed of Assignment.

What is A Certificate Of Occupancy (C Of O)?

A Certificate of Occupancy (C of O) is an official document issued by the State Government that confirms the right to occupy and use a piece of land for a specified period — typically 99 years.

• Issued by the State Government
• Confirms legal ownership of the land
• Valid for up to 99 years
• Required for mortgages and bank financing
• Highest form of land title in Nigeria

What Is A Deed Of Assignment?

A Deed of Assignment is a legal document that transfers ownership of a property from one person (or entity) to another. It is essentially the contract that records the sale and transfer of property rights.

• Records the transfer of ownership between parties
• Must be signed by both buyer and seller
• Needs to be stamped and registered at the Land Registry
• Does not replace a C of O
• Common in distressed sales and private transactions

Do You Need Both?

In many cases, yes. The Deed of Assignment confirms the transfer of ownership to you, while the C of O confirms the legal title of the land itself.

• The Deed of Assignment confirms the transfer of ownership to you
• The C of O confirms the legal title of the land itself
• Having both provides maximum protection
• Always verify the C of O with the State Government before buying

Why This Matters Before You Buy

Before investing in any property in Nigeria, always verify documents and engage qualified professionals.

• Request and verify the title documents
• Engage a qualified property lawyer
• Conduct a search at the Land Registry
• Confirm there are no encumbrances or disputes on the land
• Work with reputable developers like Rex'o's Properties